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2021

  • 31 Dec 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 52/2021

    • China updates its negative list on foreign investor access to China; US imposes new investment restrictions on Chinese companies

    • Strong increase in use of industrial robots in China

    • Maize boosts this year’s grain harvest in China

  • 23 Dec 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 51/2021

    • Russian inflation rises to levels not seen for years

    • Central Bank of Russia continued to tighten monetary policy

    • Recovery in services boosts on-year GDP growth; seasonally adjusted GDP contracts from previous quarter

    • Fixed investment in Russia has grown

  • 17 Dec 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 50/2021

    • China sets out priorities for 2022 economic policy

    • PBoC lowers bank reserve requirements, but no large relaxions in overall monetary stance

    • Chinese inflation accelerated and economic growth slowed in November

    • The financing troubles of developers in China’s real estate sector continue

  • 10 Dec 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 49/2021

    • Russian economic growth remained brisk in October

    • Moscow stock indices and oil prices still up for the year

    • Russian goods export growth lost momentum in the third quarter; import growth flat

  • 3 Dec 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 48/2021

    • Yuan’s exchange rate strengthens

    • Trading on new Beijing Stock Exchange finishes third week

    • China nears euro area in terms of consumed foreign value added of goods and services

  • 26 Nov 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 47/2021

    • Russian government budget revenues and spending at high levels; deficit vanishes

    • Russia approves strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions

    • EU’s planned carbon border adjustment mechanism could cause additional costs for Russian exporters

    • After a long pause, Ukraine receives new loan tranche from the IMF

  • 19 Nov 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 46/2021

    • Sluggish economic growth continued in October; construction activity in China declines

    • Plenary session of Central Committee fortifies Xi Jinping’s position as party leader

    • China publishes guidance document on its climate goals, making joint plans also with the United States

  • 12 Nov 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 45/2021

    • Topics at BOFIT 30th Anniversary Conference include central bank digital currencies and the impacts of sanctions on foreign trade

    • Russia’s economic growth has continued, though slowing a bit

    • Russian bank lending remains strong

    • Russia launches action plan until 2025 under its programme of population policy

  • 5 Nov 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 44/2021

    • China publishes lists of systemically important banks

    • More Chinese construction companies miss scheduled offshore debt payments

    • China's property taxation experiments continue

  • 29 Oct 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 43/2021

    • CBR raises again key rate as inflation climbs; releases updated growth forecast

    • With covid cases soaring, Russia implements short partial lockdowns on several parts of the economy

    • Russia's development plans are complemented with strategic initiatives

    • Commercial banks participating in CBR’s digital ruble pilot trial

  • 22 Oct 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 42/2021

    • China posts weak third-quarter GDP growth figures; headwinds increase for rest of year

    • China's strong goods export performance continued in the third quarter

    • China's debt growth slowed in September; no monetary easing

    • The issue of digital yuan progresses

  • 15 Oct 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 41/2021

    • Russian export earnings near all-time highs; capital outflows increase

    • Russian fixed investment bounces back after the Covid Recession

    • Russia’s government budget expected to show surpluses as efforts are ahead to slow spending growth

    • Russia approves anti-corruption plan for 2021−2024

  • 8 Oct 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 40/2021

    • Dwindling coal supplies and rising prices have created a widespread electricity crunch in China

    • United States wants to resume trade talks with China

    • EU Chamber of Commerce in China sees harsher operating environment ahead

    • Finnish goods exports to China surpass 2019 levels; services exports slower to recover

  • 1 Oct 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 39/2021

    • Few surprises in Duma election

    • Prices of oil and other major Russian export commodities up sharply; ruble barely appreciates

    • Construction work on Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline finishes up

    • Finnish-Russian trade stages a comeback in the first half of this year

  • 24 Sep 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 38/2021

    • Latest BOFIT Forecast for China sees GDP growth falling below pre-pandemic levels in 2022 and 2023

    • On-year growth in retail sales slowed further in August

    • Share prices drop globally as construction giant Evergrande teeters on brink of default

    • China makes targeted relaxes to capital outflows

  • 17 Sep 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 37/2021

    • Latest BOFIT Forecast for Russia sees moderate growth ahead, large risks persist

    • CBR raises key rate again; monetary policy guidelines for 2022–2024 announced

    • Fixed investment increased in Russia, government plans funding for investment projects

    • Russia and Belarus agree on deeper economic integration

  • 10 Sep 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 36/2021

    • President Xi spotlights China’s income distribution issues

    • China launches campaign against disparaging economic reporting

    • New measures on school curricula and student free time

    • Plans announced for mainland China’s third stock exchange in Beijing

  • 3 Sep 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 35/2021

    • Russian economic recovery begins to cool

    • Russian pensioners and select public sector workers receive notable one-time stimulus payments this month

    • Bulls run at Moscow Exchange

    • Panel discussion at Turku Europe Forum 2021 examines EU-Russia economic relations

  • 27 Aug 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 34/2021

    • China sees across-the-board economic slowdown in July

    • Chinese developer Evergrande continues to struggle as real estate sales faulter

    • China’s latest data security law enters into force in November

    • China and Russia most active in imposing trade barriers on EU countries

  • 20 Aug 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 33/2021

    • Russian GDP back to pre-covid levels

    • Russian exports take off with recovery in global demand for raw materials

    • Russian government budget revenues rise, spending growth slows and budget deficit shrinks

    • New sanctions on Belarus foreign trade

  • 13 Aug 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 32/2021

    • China struggles with delta variant outbreaks

    • China’s sudden rule changes cause headaches for investors and corporate management

    • Hong Kong’s weak economic recovery

  • 6 Aug 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 31/2021

    • CBR continued to tighten monetary policy in July

    • Russian economy has recovered from last year’s recession, but pace of recovery varies considerably across branches

    • International Monetary Fund predicts high economic growth this year for rich economies and tepid growth for many emerging economies

  • 30 Jul 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 30/2021

    • China’s plunge into indebtedness has slowed in recent months

    • China now has the world’s second largest bond market after the US

    • China launches a national carbon emissions trading scheme

    • Finland-China relations defined by continuity and economic cooperation

  • 23 Jul 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 29/2021

    • Russia’s foreign goods trade recovered; corporate capital outflow rose

    • National Welfare Fund stabilises at 12 % of GDP

    • Surveys published by Russia’s Commissioner for Entrepreneurs’ Rights show low confidence in safety of the local business environment

    • OPEC+ group agrees on raising crude oil production ceilings; markets down on new information about spread of coronavirus delta variant

  • 16 Jul 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 28/2021

    • China’s second-quarter economic growth accelerates from first quarter, but still below pre-pandemic pace

    • PBoC lowers reserve requirements for commercial banks

    • China’s foreign trade growth gains steam in the second quarter

    • China's international payments system CIPS sees higher use

  • 9 Jul 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 27/2021

    • Despite this year’s sharp rise in oil prices, ruble sees only marginal appreciation

    • Russia’s speedy economic recovery pushes up prices and wages

    • Russian government works on changes in taxes next year and price controls

  • 2 Jul 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 26/2021

    • China’s Communist Party celebrates a centenary of twists and turns

    • Early 2021 exuberance of mainland China stock exchanges begins to fade

    • China pulled back on direct investment in Europe and the United States last year

  • 24 Jun 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 25/2021

    • Covid case numbers rising in Russia; officials struggle with vaccine hesitancy

    • CBR hikes key rate again

    • Significant differences in pace of development in various sectors of the Russian economy

    • Construction of new Rosatom reactor units in China gets underway

  • 18 Jun 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 24/2021

    • Pace of industrial growth in China stabilises; retail sales continue to gain steam

    • Oversight of payments for land use rights shifted to tax authorities to curb inappropriate use of funds by local governments

    • China passes law countering foreign sanctions; US revises its list of Chinese firms barred to investment

    • Old problems still complicate their operations, but Western firms operating in China are generally upbeat

  • 11 Jun 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 23/2021

    • April output exceeded pre-covid levels in many Russian branches

    • Developments in industry, trade and fixed investment vary across Russia

    • National Welfare Fund divests its dollar assets

  • 4 Jun 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 22/2021

    • Yuan appreciation ignites policy debate in China; PBoC raises forex deposit reserve requirement

    • European China sentiment sours

    • China’s new three-child policy unlikely to have much effect on the country’s birth rate

    • Finland’s goods imports from China experience strong growth in the first three months of this year

  • 28 May 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 21/2021

    • Russian economy continues to recover

    • Robust growth in Russian goods imports

    • Government sector revenues in Russia have turned to rise, spending growth still brisk even if strong stimulus behind

  • 21 May 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 20/2021

    • China’s industrial output perks up, domestic consumption still in the doldrums

    • China’s dependency ratio deteriorates and population urbanises

    • Chinese increasingly likely to attend university, nearly all young adults are literate

    • China continues to create ever larger and more powerful state enterprises

  • 14 May 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 19/2021

    • Covid crisis reduces Russian real incomes to lowest level in a decade

    • Rapid housing loan growth in Russia continues

    • Corporate profits return, with differences across sectors in Russia

  • 7 May 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 18/2021

    • China increases surveillance of large technology firms through anti-monopoly law

    • China slightly tightens monetary stance to cool lending growth

    • Housing market heats up in China’s major cities

  • 30 Apr 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 17/2021

    • New US sanctions reduce presence of foreign investors in Russia’s bond market

    • Recovery of Russian economy continues

    • Russian CBR hikes key rate again

    • Defence spending rose yet again last year

  • 23 Apr 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 16/2021

    • China’s first quarter economic figures show V-shape part of recovery has passed

    • Covid situation in China quite good; pace of vaccination accelerates

    • Income growth slightly lags Chinese GDP growth

    • Strong first quarter for Chinese foreign trade

  • 16 Apr 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 15/2021

    • Russian GDP contracted by 3 % last year; domestic demand revived in second half

    • Russian foreign trade further on path to recovery, capital flows dwindle

    • Geopolitical concerns weigh on ruble exchange rate

    • Russia hopes to attract investment in the Arctic territory

  • 9 Apr 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 14/2021

    • IMF says global outlook has improved significantly from three months ago

    • Financial performance of Chinese banks last year all over the map

    • PBoC’s digital currency project moves ahead

  • 1 Apr 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 13/2021

    • CBR raises key rate to 4.5 %

    • Russia has enjoyed relatively stable economic conditions during the first two months of this year

    • National Welfare Fund assets invested in yuan-denominated debt securities

    • Russia shows cautious interest in green financing

  • 26 Mar 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 12/2021

    • Latest BOFIT forecast for China sees economic growth slowing in coming years after strong performance this year

    • China’s new five-year plan emphasises industrial development and self-sufficiency

    • Bumpy first high-level meeting between China and Biden administration officials

    • The EU, US, UK and Canada all impose sanctions on Chinese officials for Xinjiang human rights violations

    • New initiatives to ease capital controls in China

  • 19 Mar 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 11/2021

    • BOFIT Forecast 2021−2023 for Russia sees recovery amid exceptionally large risks

    • Russia records huge mortality increase in 2020

    • Russia expands price monitoring significantly; food prices under pressure to rise

    • Russian and Chinese arms exports decline

  • 12 Mar 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 10/2021

    • China’s National People’s Congress sets economic policy course

    • NPC elects to restrain growth in budget spending this year

    • A quarter of all international patent filings last year were made in China

    • While Finland’s imports overall were down sharply last year, imports from China grew by 9 %

  • 5 Mar 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 09/2021

    • Fixed investment in Russia recovered in late 2020

    • Russian oil production and exports contracted sharply last year

    • Production and exports of natural gas declined last year

    • Finnish trade with Russia collapsed last year

  • 26 Feb 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 08/2021

    • New travel restrictions subdue start of Chinese Lunar New Year celebrations

    • China ranked the world’s top FDI recipient in 2020

    • China’s current account surplus last year increased to about 2 % of GDP

    • Given the overall outlook for China, provincial GDP growth targets look rather modest

  • 19 Feb 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 07/2021

    • Gold and wheat exports partly compensated for drop in value of Russian oil exports last year

    • Central Bank of Russia keeps key rate unchanged

    • Russian government spending in stimulus mode last year

    • IMF’s annual Article IV consultation with Russia raised a wide range of economic issues

  • 12 Feb 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 06/2021

    • Volume of Chinese goods exports showed exceptionally strong growth amidst pandemic

    • Officials hope to rein in real estate sector risks in China

    • Hong Kong’s real economy remains weak

    • China is Myanmar’s most important trading partner

  • 5 Feb 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 05/2021

    • Latest economic data for Russia looks promising

    • Even with domestic demand and imports plunging, the Russian economy contracted less than expected in 2020

    • Russian agriculture enjoys another year of growth

    • Russian banking sector enjoyed brisk growth last year

  • 29 Jan 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 04/2021

    • Chinese GDP stages V-shaped recovery in 2020, bouncing back from covid-19 lockdowns to positive on-year growth

    • Latest forecasts show China putting the covid-19 crisis behind it, even as other emerging economies struggle

    • Chinese debt-to-GDP ratio approaches 300 %

    • National carbon trading scheme expected to help China reach more ambitious climate targets

  • 22 Jan 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 03/2021

    • Gradual recovery in Russian foreign trade continues, capital outflows rise

    • At close to $600 billion, Russia holds the world’s fourth-largest foreign currency and gold reserves

    • Moscow stock exchange made gains in second half of 2020

    • National Welfare Fund again close to 12 % of Russian GDP

  • 15 Jan 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 02/2021

    • IMF puts China’s public sector deficit near 20 % of GDP in 2020

    • China and EU reach agreement on investment

    • Stock prices in China continue to rise in January

    • China presses Australia

  • 8 Jan 2021  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 01/2021

    • Robust third-quarter recovery in private consumption last year, Russian fixed investment contracted

    • While consumption fell, Russian economic indicators generally point to recovery in November

    • Central Bank of Russia kept key rate unchanged

    • Crude oil prices rise above $50 a barrel

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