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    • Bank of Finland

2016

  • 23 Dec 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 51/2016

    • President Putin visits Japan

    • CBR leaves key rate unchanged

    • Russian industrial output increased, consumption still falling

    • Chinese 15-year-olds lead emerging economies in latest PISA rankings

    • Is the rise in housing prices in China’s big cities abating?

    • China’s leaders sketch out areas of economic policy focus for 2017

  • 16 Dec 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 50/2016

    • Duma and Federation Council approve federal budget and state social fund budgets

    • Russia and OPEC agree to reduce oil output

    • Russian state reduces stake in Rosneft

    • China takes market economy status issue to the WTO

    • Market interest rates on the rise in China

    • Chinese producer price inflation accelerates, other economic indicators unchanged

  • 9 Dec 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 49/2016

    • Growth of Russia’s banking sector has stalled

    • Gas sector drives growth in fixed investment

    • Few surprises in Putin’s state-of-the-nation address

    • Foreign investors gain new trading link to Shenzhen exchange

    • China tightens capital controls to reduce depreciation pressure on yuan

  • 2 Dec 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 48/2016

    • Finland’s exports to Russia shrank further

    • Russian government takes on wage arrears problem

    • Oil & gas sector still dominates Russian business

    • Finnish exports to China outperform Finnish exports generally

    • Over a million patent applications filed last year in China

    • China’s State Council issues contingency guidelines on local government debt problems

  • 25 Nov 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 47/2016

    • Russia on track for record grain harvest

    • Russia’s economic recovery still uncertain

    • BOFIT 25th Anniversary Conference examines evolutionary paths of Russia and other post-communist systems

    • Yuan loses ground on dollar appreciation

    • Payment delays on the rise in China

    • BOFIT 25th Anniversary Conference raises insights into China’s structural adjustments and growth outlook

  • 18 Nov 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 46/2016

    • Gazprom-EU dispute unresolved after four years

    • Russia’s economy minister arrested

    • Russian imports finally on the rise

    • China’s rapidly growing middle class is now also the world's largest

    • Retail sales growth slows in China; popularity of online shopping remains strong

    • Foreign firms concerned about China’s new cybersecurity law

  • 11 Nov 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 45/2016

    • Russia plans to increase government revenues in the next few years without hikes in large general taxes

    • Russian economy projected to see gradual recovery next year

    • Immediate impacts of US election results on the Russian economy appear minimal

    • China’s banking sector continues to weaken

    • China’s current account surplus insufficient to cover capital outflows; currency reserves fall

    • Trump presidential victory increases uncertainty also in China

  • 4 Nov 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 44/2016

    • Russia's middle class hit by recession

    • Russia's special supplement to defence spending also affects next year

    • CBR leaves key rate unchanged

    • President Xi Jinping increases his power as party leader

    • China reaps good grain harvests this year

    • ​China tightens measures to deal with overheating of the housing market

  • 28 Oct 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 43/2016

    • Unpredictability of administrative regulation diminishes corporate investment appetite in Russia

    • Russia drops slightly in the Doing Business 2017 rankings

    • Bleak outlook for Russia’s government finances

    • Mainland China stock markets await investment of pension savings and foreign investors

    • Second-child births keep China’s maternity wards busy

    • Chinese government pushes to get debt restructurings going for troubled state-owned firms

  • 21 Oct 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 42/2016

    • Government subsidies keep Russia’s inefficient car producers on life support

    • Russia and India agree on new arms sales, but overall trade between the countries continues to shrink

    • ​Russian industrial output contracted in September

    • Value of China’s foreign trade declines even as trade volume increases

    • Producer prices in China finally start to rise

    • China once again releases GDP growth figure in line with official target

  • 14 Oct 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 41/2016

    • Russian government sells Bashneft to Rosneft

    • Russian imports recover to nearly same level as a year ago

    • Russian cabinet decides to increase spending this year, abandons last spring’s budget framework

    • China’s competitiveness unchanged relative to other countries

    • Yuan’s exchange rate volatility increases after addition to SDR basket

    • China’s structural shift and economic slowdown profoundly impact global economy

  • 7 Oct 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 40/2016

    • Firms with foreign ownership cutting back operations in Russia

    • CBR announced organisational changes to improve banking supervision

    • Still waiting for Russia’s economic recovery

    • Capital outflows from China strengthen

    • China’s soaring housing prices again causing concern

    • Yuan becomes part of IMF’s SDR currency basket

  • 30 Sep 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 39/2016

    • Russia imposes new procurement restrictions on the public sector and state enterprises

    • BOFIT Russia forecast sees slow recoveries for the economy and imports

    • China establishes new fund to assist with reform of state-owned enterprises

    • Chinese tourists help reduce trade imbalance

    • BOFIT forecast for China sees lower economic growth, rising risks

  • 23 Sep 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 38/2016

    • Duma elections produce few surprises

    • CBR lowers key rate; no further interest rate cuts expected this year

    • Consumption continued to fall in Russia in August; production picked up slightly

    • Rapid increase in indebtedness in China continues on many fronts

    • Yuan interest rates spike again in Hong Kong; mainland China money markets remain calm

  • 16 Sep 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 37/2016

    • IMF disburses new loan tranche to Ukraine

    • Economic contraction has slowed down in Russia’s regions

    • Russian firms issuing more eurobonds

    • Outlook for Chinese banks gets bleaker

    • No big changes in Chinese economic trends over the past months

  • 9 Sep 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 36/2016

    • Putin visits Uzbekistan

    • CBR registers new national credit-rating agency ACRA

    • More Russian firms added to US sanctions list

    • Budget deficits drain Russia’s Reserve Fund

    • European firms fear state’s role in the economy is increasing in China

    • More free-trade zones for China

    • China’s G20 summit in Hangzhou finishes up

    • Chinese yuan is now the most used emerging economy currency in foreign exchange trading

  • 2 Sep 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 35/2016

    • Finnish-Russian trade continues to shrink

    • Russian pensioners get one-time payment and a return to inflation-indexed pensions

    • Fixed investment in Russia increasingly goes to oil & gas production

    • First-half trends in Finnish-Chinese trade slightly more upbeat than Finnish foreign trade overall

    • China seeks to rein in online P2P lending market through increased regulation

    • Reform of China’s public sector moves ahead

  • 26 Aug 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 34/2016

    • Russians increasing domestic travelling

    • Further tightening of Russian regional budgets

    • Russian goods imports near bottoming out

    • Relatively slow growth in fixed capital formation hastens speed of structural reform of Chinese economy

    • IMF encourages China to shift to monetary policy based on inflation targeting and floating exchange rate

    • IMF calls for decisive action from China to tackle rising vulnerabilities

  • 19 Aug 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 33/2016

    • Russian farm production growing gradually

    • WTO panel confirms Russian import duty violations

    • Russian consumption and output declined in July

    • China gives go-ahead to Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect

    • Slight uptick in Chinese housing construction; price trends uneven across cities

    • Sharp slowdown in Chinese investment growth

    • China’s credit expansion creating less and less economic growth

  • 12 Aug 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 32/2016

    • Corruption, bad institutions and lack of openness dog Russian competitiveness

    • Russia’s share of global investment falls sharply

    • Russia’s public sector planning a shift to domestic software

    • Presidents of Russia and Turkey try to repair economic relations

    • Change in method of calculating Chinese GDP only marginally eases path to 2020 growth targets

    • Value of Chinese foreign trade declines, volume increases

    • China’s central bank tightens the control of capital flows

  • 5 Aug 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 31/2016

    • Russia has yet to see clear upturn in business cycle

    • Oil price down sharply in July, ruble follows

    • CBR keeps key rate unchanged

    • China’s bond markets show strong growth

    • Revised GDP methodology helps only little with China’s 2020 growth target

    • Chinese decision-makers struggle with conflicting policy goals

  • 29 Jul 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 30/2016

    • Increase in profits of Russian firms supports capital flows abroad and to banks

    • Russia prepares for serious budget tightening

    • Forecasts see smaller slide for Russian economy than earlier

    • Slight bump in Chinese share prices

    • Market-economy status and steel on the table at the EU-China summit

    • Forecasters largely agree on trends in China’s economy

  • 22 Jul 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 29/2016

    • Russia’s foreign currency reserves grew in the first half of the year

    • IMF emphasises fiscal policy and banking sector reform in latest Article IV consultation with Russia

    • Russian producers feel hints of recovery, though consumption continues to fall

    • Foreign banks pulled back on their China lending last year

    • Chinese inflation down a bit

    • China’s shows steady growth in second quarter

  • 15 Jul 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 28/2016

    • Russia seeks ways to reduce grey pay

    • Russian state reduces stake in diamond giant Alrosa

    • Contraction in Russian foreign trade and capital outflow slowed down

    • China strengthens its position as the world’s largest market for industrial robots

    • International court finds no historical basis for Chinese territorial claims over the South China Sea

    • China’s foreign trade continued to falter in first half

  • 8 Jul 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 27/2016

    • EU and Russia decide to keep sanctions in place

    • Debate on oil taxation continues in Russia

    • Russian oil production growth slows

    • China's NBS updates GDP calculation methods

    • Annual report of China’s central bank stresses need to keep on with financial reforms

    • Rapid rise in Chinese wages continues

  • 1 Jul 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 26/2016

    • Shanghai Cooperation Organization meets in Tashkent

    • Despite unprecedented budget-cutting, Russia posts large government deficits

    • Brexit result has had only minor impact on Russian economy so far

    • Chinese presence in energy projects in Russian Far East set to increase

    • Yuan weakens against the dollar

    • Chinese economy faces little immediate fallout from Brexit vote

  • 23 Jun 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 25/2016

    • Russia debates course of economic policy

    • President Putin hits familiar themes in address to St. Petersburg Economic Forum

    • Russia posts weak economic figures for May

    • Familiar themes get most play at annual China-US strategic and economic dialogue meeting

    • Rapid lending growth in China continues

  • 17 Jun 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 24/2016

    • Liquidity in Russian banking sector recovers

    • Ruble strengthening on higher oil prices

    • Russian central bank lowers key interest rate

    • Weaker outlook for European firms operating in China

    • Fixed investment in China loses steam

    • Foreign investors still face too many hurdles in accessing mainland China stock markets

  • 10 Jun 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 23/2016

    • Declining ruble exchange rate has sharply lowered external value of wages in all branches

    • Russia dips further into its reserve funds

    • Rise in Russian consumer prices slowed in January-May

    • China’s foreign trade performance remains tepid

    • Exchange rate depreciation and poor foreign trade performance reduce international yuan use

    • Surveys show Chinese firms hiring less

  • 3 Jun 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 22/2016

    • Finnish exports to Russia may be closing the bottom

    • Rosneft completes sale of 15 % stake in Vankorneft to the Indian ONGC

    • Russia pension terms will tighten gradually for certain government workers

    • Chinese share prices stable

    • People’s Bank of China increases open market operations as monetary policy seeks new direction

  • 27 May 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 21/2016

    • Russian and ASEAN leaders meet in Sochi

    • Russian demand remained slack in April

    • Russia’s finance ministry issued a new eurobond

    • Chinese steel production on the rise

    • Apartment prices in China’s big cities are soaring again

    • Chinese officials take on restructuring of problematic state enterprises

  • 20 May 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 20/2016

    • Russia signs on to OECD’s Automatic Exchange of Information initiative

    • Fall in Russian imports begins to moderate

    • Contraction of the Russian economy slowed this year

    • Boom in Chinese foreign travel continues

    • Swings in yuan-dollar exchange rate get larger

    • April’s economic numbers confirm China’s ongoing slowdown

  • 13 May 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 19/2016

    • Russia’s recession has slightly reduced income differences

    • Russia’s import substitution commission reviews progress

    • Russia dips into the Reserve Fund to cover the budget deficit

    • China’s inflation largely unchanged in April

    • Regional neighbours and commodity producers likely to suffer most from Chinese slowdown

    • Wider discussion of economic policy in China

  • 5 May 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 18/2016

    • Pressure on Russian government finances continues to increase

    • Russia’s defence industry still enjoying strong growth

    • CBR keeps key rate unchanged at 11 %

    • Chinese direct investment on the rise also in Finland

    • China shifts main service branches into VAT sphere as key tax reform proceeds

  • 29 Apr 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 17/2016

    • Russia’s services trade shrinks sharply

    • Net FDI inflow to Russia falls to lowest level in over a decade

    • Little overall change in foreign debt of Russian firms and banks

    • China eliminates foreign trade subsidies that violated its WTO commitments

    • China’s programme to lower corporate debt levels and reduce bank NPLs moves ahead

    • IMF concerned about state of Chinese businesses

  • 22 Apr 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 16/2016

    • No revisiting of Russian budget in Duma spring session

    • Russia and other major oil producers fail to reach agreement on oil production freeze

    • Russian economy has shrunk considerably from early 2015

    • China increased its share of EU foreign trade in 2015

    • Capital inflows to China diminished last year, while capital outflows increased

    • Fixed investment sustained China’s first-quarter growth

  • 15 Apr 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 15/2016

    • Accounts Chamber of Russia criticizes special economic zones

    • Capital flows between Russia and the rest of the world remain small

    • Russian export earnings and import spending continue to fall

    • IMF lowers its forecast for Russian GDP

    • As China and Russia boost military spending, so do their neighbours

    • Is Chinese producer price deflation finally abating?

    • China’s foreign trade stumbles in first quarter

    • International financial institutions expect Chinese growth to slow only slightly

  • 8 Apr 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 14/2016

    • Revised figures show some shifts in Russian GDP components in the past few years

    • ​Russia’s finance ministry issues 250 billion rubles worth of domestic bonds in first quarter

    • Higher oil prices lift ruble’s exchange rate

    • China and Russia see Panama Papers as Western attempt to destabilise their political systems

    • ​Profits at China’s biggest banks show little change

    • Housing prices soar in China’s big cities

  • 1 Apr 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 13/2016

    • Russia’s working-age population continues to decline despite immigration

    • Russian companies having problems in payments

    • Russia’s banking laws now meet Basel III criteria

    • No big changes in China’s fiscal policy in 2016

    • Low population growth affecting China’s economic growth

    • Chinese firms struggle with late payments and debt

  • 25 Mar 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 12/2016

    • Russian firms seek financing from China

    • CBR keeps key rate at 11 %

    • Latest BOFIT forecast for Russia sees economy and imports still contracting further this year

    • China’s role in international patent activity continues to increase rapidly

    • BOFIT sees continued modest slowdown in growth for China

  • 18 Mar 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 11/2016

    • Protests lead to concessions in Russia’s new road fee system

    • High demand for Russia’s Deposit Insurance Agency funds

    • CBR calls for better supervision of microlenders

    • Delays in wage payments ignite wave of protests in China’s problem industries

    • China’s largest provinces have economies similar in size to mid-sized emerging economies

    • January-February sees lower industrial output growth and pick-up in apartment sales in China

  • 11 Mar 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 10/2016

    • Consumption down across Russia in 2015

    • Growth of housing production slowed

    • Russia’s fixed investment structure continued to shift last year

    • Pricing factors depress Chinese foreign trade

    • Rising food prices drive Chinese inflation higher

    • China opens its bond markets to foreign investors

    • China targets growth of 6.5–7 % this year

  • 4 Mar 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 09/2016

    • Finland’s trade with Russia declined sharply last year

    • Inflation in Russia moderates

    • Russia approves 2016 anti-crisis economic programme

    • China increased its share of Finnish foreign trade last year

    • China’s service sector increasingly shouldering growth burden

    • China relaxes monetary policy

  • 26 Feb 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 08/2016

    • Asia top destination for Russian arms exports

    • Russian manufacturing shrank 5 % last year

    • Russia discusses caps on oil production

    • China’s arms exports grow rapidly

    • Chinese direct investment in Europe continues to rise

    • China’s overcapacity problems increase

    • Chinese officials promise economic stimulus and structural reforms

  • 19 Feb 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 07/2016

    • Russia’s disputes with neighbours complicate road transport

    • Russian foreign debt declined last year

    • Russian government deficit soared in 2015

    • PBoC reiterates commitment to opening Chinese economy

    • Decline in Chinese foreign trade continued in January

    • China’s lending soars, while share of nonperforming loans increases

  • 12 Feb 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 06/2016

    • Minor shifts in the structure of Russian foreign trade

    • Profitability of Russia’s banking sector weakens

    • New calculation of statistics increases size of Russian economy

    • As domestic demand wanes, Chinese steel exports rise

    • Chinese apartment prices continue to rise

    • China’s current account surplus grew last year

  • 5 Feb 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 05/2016

    • Tight budgets and uncertainty currently dominate Russian economic policy

    • Measured in dollars, Russia’s average wage declined over 30 % last year

    • CBR keeps rates unchanged, but adjusts guidance

    • Chinese P2P lender proves to be pyramid scheme

    • Chinese wage growth remains robust

    • Reforms to Chinese exchange rate policy expected

  • 29 Jan 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 04/2016

    • Russian federal budget revenues declined last year, while defence spending soared

    • Russian economy continued to contract in December

    • Ruble struggles back from record low

    • China strengthens its Silk Road strategy in the Middle East

    • China’s labour markets dealing well with lower economic growth

    • Indebtedness continued to rise last year in China

  • 22 Jan 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 03/2016

    • Russia’s Reserve Fund shrank last year substantially

    • Capital flows between Russia and the rest of the world remarkably small

    • Russian exports and imports sink below 2010 levels

    • Taiwan elects government with hard-line stance on mainland China

    • Chinese growth expected to slow moderately

    • China’s economy grew 6.9 % last year

  • 15 Jan 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 02/2016

    • Russia and Ukraine implement further trade sanctions against each other

    • Russian stock market performance reflects low oil prices and ruble slide

    • Russian inflation surged to heights last year

    • China seeks long-term economic growth through innovation processes

    • Foreign trade figures and price trends indicate no unusual weakness in the Chinese economy

    • New secretariat to coordinate administrative affairs of Chinese financial supervision bodies

    • Chinese markets remain restless

  • 8 Jan 2016  

    ​BOFIT Weekly Review 01/2016

    • Russia’s banking sector weakens

    • Russia’s national payments card system moves ahead

    • Lower oil prices hurting values of ruble and other CIS currencies

    • Volatility of yuan exchange rate increases as system overhaul proceeds

    • Chinese stock markets nosedive

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